113	"A Neglected Aspect of Time-Binding: Rejecting Tacit 'Identity'" [ppt]

112	"A Lethal Fundamental Error: How to Recognize, Reject, and Replace It" [rtf]

111	"Set Theory as Self-Contradictory" [rtf]

110	"Can We Trust our Traditional Language?" [rtf]

109	"For new wine, we need -- and offer -- new bottles" [rtf]

107	"What Biologists Should Know, But Don't" [rtf]

105	"Repeating Our Pattern of Universal Discord II" [rtf]

104	"Replacing Our Pattern of Universal Discord" [doc]

103	"Our Current Nuclear War" [doc]

102	"Languaging for Survival" (Outline) [doc]

101	"Languaging for Survival" [doc]

100	"A Strictly Dynamic Notational Language for Science" [pdf] [doc]

099	"An Intrinsically Dynamic Language for Science" [doc]

098	"Time-Bindings" (Reply) [doc]

097	"The Need for a New Language, Especially Within Science" [rtf]

096	"The Need for a New Language, Especially Within Science" (Asilomar Conference 1999) [doc]

095	"The Year 2000 Computer Scenario in Perspective" [doc]

094	"Towards a Morality for Mankind: An Ethics for Everyone" [doc]

093	"Ishmael and General Semantics Theory." [ps] [doc] [html]
	Review of Ishmael by Daniel Quinn drawing connections between Quinn's analysis of the myths underlying the dominant world cultures and Hilgartner's theoretical systems analysis. ETC. A Review of General Semantics, Summer 1998.

092

"Enzyme Chemistry and Biological Purposiveness." Not currently available online.

Reworks current physical-chemical treatment of enzymic reactions and shows such reactions as apparently purposive. Using Sommerhoff's model of "directively correlated," demonstrates that enzymic reactions fulfill his definition of a "living organism." as one that includes at least one directively correlated system made up of directively correlated systems. Presented before the Biology Colloquium, Truman State University, 27 February 1997.

091	"E-Prime and Linguistic Revision." [ps] [doc] [html]
	Discussion of the effect of using Bourland's "E-Prime" revision of English on Hilgartner's long-term research project. To Be or Not, Volume 3. Paul Dennithorne Johnson, D. David Bourland, Jr., & Jeremy Klein, eds. 1997.

090	"Striding Towards a Mathematics Specified on a Derived Grammar." Not currently available online.
	Visual presentation of the grammar derived by Hilgartner from Korzybski's non-aristotelian premises and the rudiments of the 'let's keep track of what we say' notation built on that grammar. Presented at General Semantics Symposium, Ambassador University, Big Sandy TX, 31 March-1 April 1996.

089	"The Importance of Story-Telling to Time-Binding" [ps] [doc] [html]
	Joint paper with Martin L. Stoneman and Martha Bartter showing how humans assimilate information through storytelling. Presented at the Eleventh International Interdisciplinary Conference on General Semantics, Hofstra University, 3 November 1995; accepted for publication in the Conference Volume (Greenwood Press).

088

"How General Semantics Can Rescue Biology From Itself—A Biology With Biologists In It." [ps] [doc] [html]

Revision of biological theory to resurrect biology from the theoretical errors embraced by biologists who reject the terms 'life' and 'living' as non-rigorous and impossible to define. This rejection left biology as a discipline without discipline. The paper includes a formal definition of the term 'living.' Presented in visual form at the Eleventh International Interdisciplinary Conference on General Semantics, Hofstra University, 3 November 1995; accepted for publication in the Conference Volume (Greenwood Press).

085	"Why we need to Define the Term Living" [html]

083

"The Construct of 'Living': Purging Biology of Some Fundamental Theoretical Errors." Not currently available online.

Paper by C. A. Hilgartner, Martha A. Bartter, Ronald V. Harrington & Weld S. Carter, Jr. Assumptions built into current mechanist-reductionist biology not only prevent biologists from developing a workable theory of biology but also encourages them to "forget."  they ever aspired to do so. This paper presents a general theory of biology, which includes a first-approximation answer to the question: "What does an organism-as-a-whole-(etc.) DO to keep itself alive from one moment to the next for a whole lifetime?."  with an unprecedented degree of rigor. It provides a formal definition for key terms such as living, a generalization which expresses the main survival-strategy of any organism-as-a-whole-(etc.), a parsimonious way of accounting for the origin on planet Earth of what we call living organisms, and principled ways of taking the biologist into account.

082	"The Dancer and the Dance." [ps] [doc] [html]
	Paper by Martha Bartter & C. A. Hilgartner showing how human languaging shapes human transacting, and how our transacting shapes our languaging. Presented at The Modern Language Association, New York City, 29 December 1992.

079	Review of Gerd Sommerhoff, LIFE, BRAIN AND CONSCIOUSNESS New Perceptions through Targeted Systems Analysis. General Semantics Bulletin No. 57, 1993, pp. 79-86. [ps] [doc] [html]

078

"The Conventions for Symbolizing." [ps] [doc] [html]

Paper by C. A. Hilgartner, Martha Bartter, R. V. Harrington treating language as if it stems from known assumptions. Grammar, then, looks like a template with slots in it: fill the slots in one way and get a language like Ainu; fill them another and get a language like English; fill them yet another way and get a language like our non-aristotelian notation. Etc.: A Review of General Semantics 48(2):172-97 (1991).

077	"Setting and Undefined Terms: A Previously Unnoted Connection" [html]

076	Reply [html]

075	"Re: An Analysis of the Hunger Project" [html]

074	"A Unifying Principle for Biology" [html]

073	"Towards a Realistic Quantum Theory" [html]

072

"Using the Non-aristotelian Assumptions in Contemporary Physics." [ps] [doc] [html]

Paper by C. A. Hilgartner and Joseph Di Rienzi examining quantum theory from a non-aristotelian viewpoint. Treats the principle of complementarity as analogous to a reversible gestalt. To describe the difference between the classical and quantum domains it proposes that the "elements." of the quantum domain do not satisfy the logical axiom of identity. Presented at the International Conference on General Semantics, Yale University, July 1988. Retitled, "A Non-aristotelian View of Quantum Theory.", Physics Essays 8, No. 4, 472-505 (December 1995)

071	"We Must Also Eliminate Peace." [ps] [doc] [html]
	Paper by C. A. Hilgartner, Martha Bartter & Ronald V. Harrington demonstrating the problems involved in attempting to separate the polar term-pair 'war' and 'peace' and the impossibility of eliminating one without the other.

069

"To Improve Predicting in the Study of Living Systems." [ps] [doc] [html]

This paper by C. A. Hilgartner, Martha Bartter and Ronald V. Harrington addresses the generally acknowledged lack of rigor and predictability of the biological sciences. The authors claim that these problems stem from hidden, restricted and restrictive assumptions encoded in the various biological theories, which eliminate from consideration certain key relationships crucial to an adequate understanding of living systems. The authors propose an alternative theoretical system, one which discloses these hidden assumptions, disallows them, and so permits taking these neglected relationships into account with full mathematical rigor. This allows creating a much closer match between theoretical constructs and the actual observations observers wish to account for.

067	"The Mathematics of Radical Uncertainty." [ps] [doc] [html]
	Paper by C. A. Hilgartner, Martha Bartter and Ronald V. Harrington. In this paper, the authors introduce readers to a new formalized language of the "Let's Keep Track Of What We Say." type. In writing it, we have created and utilized a frame of reference fundamentally different from that underlying the comfortable symbolic logics, set theories, etc., of the Western mathematical tradition.

066	"On War and Peace." [ps] [doc] [html]
	Paper by C. A. Hilgartner and Martha Bartter, proposing a new analysis of anthropologist Margaret Mead's query, "Is war a biological necessity, a sociological inevitability, or just a bad invention?." Mead considers "warfare... an invention like any other of the inventions in terms of which we order our lives." The authors suggest methods of revising human psycho-social systems to eliminate it.

065	"Wanted: Scientific Science." [html]
	Paper by C. A. Hilgartner, R. V. Harrington and Martha Bartter suggesting that the linguistic basis for scientific inquiry interferes with the ability of scientists to create fully rigorous scientific theory based on a central core of general principles, even in such a mathematized science as physics.

064	"Defining the Problem: The Technology of Averting Species Suicide." Not currently available online.
	C A. Hilgartner, Ronald V. Harrington, & Martha A. Bartter. Presented at the Second Workshop on Supplemental Ways of Increasing International Stability, Cleveland, June 1986.

062	"Two Lived Theories." Not currently available online.
	Contrasts standard frame of reference of western societies with the non-aristotelian frame of reference; addresses the ways we live our lives; includes training in spotting lived patterns that lead to problems, bringing their underlying assumptions into view, and changing those assumptions. Presented at the International Conference on General Semantics, San Diego, August 1985

061

"Anomalies in Contemporary Physics." [ps] [doc] [html]

Paper by C. A. Hilgartner, Ronald V. Harrington and Martha Bartter pointing out the anomaly involved in the practice of science. We assume that increases in human knowledge enhance individual, group and species survival, but contemporary science brings the human species closer and closer to species suicide and extinction. In the present paper, instead of looking for a culprit, the authors focus on a contradiction between the observed and the expected, demonstrating the need for scientific theory to take the scientist fully into account. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 9:129-43 (1989).

060

"A Notational Physics with Physicists In It." [ps] [doc] [html]

Paper by C. A. Hilgartner, Ronald V. Harrington and Martha Bartter. Using an alternative mathematics based on a derived grammar, we examine in detail the situation of discovering a relativistic discrepancy, and accounting for it. Our frame of reference utilizes an explicit model for the apparently 'purposive' activities of living systems; we use it to examine Walter Kaufmann as he performs his 1901 study on the deflection of electrons by electric and magnetic fields and the apparent mass of the electron. Thus we consider not only the theoretical significance of his contribution, but also the self-and-social components of his study. In our notation, we describe a) The spatio-temporally ordered sequence of events; b) The hierarchically-ordered roles Kaufmann plays in designing, performing and reporting his experiment; c) The inter-personal and social components of his career; and d) The consequences to Kaufmann and to the scientific community. Our notational system, which CANNOT NOT take the observer into account, confers two advantages: i) It yields physical theory which systematically handles the relations of an observer with himself and with other observers, and ii) It brings our articulated physical knowledge and our articulated social knowledge into a single rigorous symbol-system.

057

"A Stably Unstable System with 4.5 Billion Participants." [ps] [doc] [html]

Paper by C. A. Hilgartner, Ronald V. Harrington and Martha Bartter presenting a theoretical system which rigorously develops the construct of self-correcting, qualifies as lived rather than intellectual, and satisfies the four constraints that mark a revisionist World-View that leading us toward disaster. Presented at the Workshop on Supplemental Ways of Increasing International Stability, Laxemburg, Austria, 15 September 1983. Printed in H. Chestnut et al., eds., Supplemental Ways of Increasing International Stability. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1984.

056	"Science Fiction and Human Survival." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time. Presented at the 40th World Science Fiction Convention (Chicon IV), 4 Sept. 1982.

055	"Assimilating Scientific Innovations." [ps] [doc] [html]
	Revised (l983). "An Innovative View of Innovating." Paper by C. A. Hilgartner, Ronald V. Harrington and Martha Bartter that presents an alternative version of the logic of science, using the non-euclidian geometries as its worked example.

054	"A Systematic Commentary on the Psychomyth, 'The Ones who Walk Away from Omelas'." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time. Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Science Fiction Research Association, Denver, June 1981.

053	"Putting the Bio-Back in Biology." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

052	"A Complete Severance from Traditions." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

051	""International."  or 'One-World' Languages: "You Can't Get There from Here"." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

050	"The Construct of The Law." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

049	"The Newtonian Problem-Solver." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

048	"The Construct of The State." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

047	"A Critique of Neo-Classical Economic Theory: "Economic Man from the Perspective of Human Psycho-Social Evolution." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

046	"The Dispute over Nuclear Power Examined from the Perspective of Human Psycho-Social Evolution." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

045	"The Assumptions Underlying Western Science Conclusively Disconfirmed." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

044	"An Axiomatic Treatment of Human Pre-History and History." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

043	"Non-aristotelian Numbering." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

042	"A New Perspective on the Dispute between Fascism and Humanism in Psychiatry." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

041	"Garrett Hardin and the Logic of the Commons." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

040	"A Rigorous Criterion for Living." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

039	"How Bacterial Chemotaxis Fits Into a General Theory of Living." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

038	"Hominoids who Language." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

037	"A New Assessment of the Construct of "Truth." Not currently available online.
	in Logic and Mathematics." Not available on the web site at this time.

036	"A New Look at 'Identity'." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

035	"How Scientific Theories Depend Upon the Structuring and Assumings of the Native Language of the Theorizer." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

034	"A New Formalized Language Based on Entirely Non-Traditional Premises." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

033	"Mathematizing One Sapir-Whorf-Korzybski Hypothesis: The Studies which Led to an Entirely Non-Traditional Formalized Language." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

032	"'Living Systems' and the Relation of Directively Correlated." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

031	"A Non-aristotelian Theory of Biology." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

030	"The Method in the Madness of Western Man." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

029	"How to Elaborate a Formalized Non-aristotelian Theory of 'Living Systems'." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

028	"Some Traditional Assumings Underlying Indo-European Languages: Unstated, Unexamined, and Untenable." [ps] [doc] [html]

027	"The Notions of 'Living System', 'Abstracting', and the 'Map'-'Territory' Analogy." [ps] [doc] [html]

026	"A Non-Aristotelian 'Rosetta Stone.'" [html]
	Not available on the web site at this time.

025	"Cybernetic Ontology and Transjunctional Operations." Not currently available online.
	Commentary on three papers by Gotthard Gunther (viz. Gunther (1962). Not available on the web site at this time.

024	"Formal (Mathematical) Theory in General Semantics." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

023	"Assimilating General Semantics for Creativity." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

022	"Forrester's Theory of 'Social Systems': A Generally Applicable Criticism of a Specialist Theory." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

021	Review of Harley C. Shands, "Morality and Communicational Process." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

020	Review of Bertalanffy's Robots, Men and Minds. Not available on the web site at this time. Not currently available online.

019	"The General Semantics of Set Theory." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

018	"Visual Literacy: An 'Operational Definition' in Visuals and Mathematical Logic." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

017	"The 'World-View' of Classical Thermodynamics." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

016	"Metabolic 'Control' in Mature Erythrocytes." [ps] [doc] [html]

015	"Specifying the Structure of our 'Semantic Reactions'." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

014	"How to Abolish War." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

013	"Encounters in a Corridor: Human Inter-Personal Transactions." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

012	"Chain-Indexing in Experimental Design." Not currently available online.
	Not available on the web site at this time.

011

"Psycho-Logics: An Interim Report."

This paper presents an overview of the Hilgartner and Randolph work (four papers below) and a first statement of the fundamental question which underlies all the work of the research group: "We function as dynamically-changing organisms amid a dynamically-changing environment; we guide ourselves mainly by sensory intake which remains intrinsically inaccurate, incomplete, and self-referential. Functioning within these constraints, we keep ourselves more or less intact, more or less growing from one moment to the next for a whole lifetime. How do we do it?." Presented at the Geneseo Philosophy Conference, State University College at Geneseo, New York, April 1967. Not available on the web site at this time.

010

"D. The Structure of 'Impaired' Human Behavior." [ps] [doc] [html]

C. A. Hilgartner and John F. Randolph. This paper examines the self-defending aspects of human behaving-and-experiencing. It begins with an account of the unimpaired transacting between a pregnant woman and her unborn child, and continues with an account of the social transacting of a small child with self-defending parent-figures which results in psychodynamically-stabilized impaired behaving-and-experiencing.

009	"C. The Structure of Empathy." [pdf]
	C. A. Hilgartner and John F. Randolph. This paper examines the social transacting of a human with self-and-others. Journal of Theoretical Biology 24:1-29 (1969).

008	"B. The Structure of 'Unimpaired' Human Behavior." [pdf]
	C. A. Hilgartner and John F. Randolph. This paper examines the self-correcting aspects of human behaving-and-experiencing. Journal of Theoretical Biology 23: 347-374 (1969).

007	"Psycho-Logics: An Axiomatic System Describing Human Behavior - A Logical Calculus of Behavior." [pdf]
	C. A. Hilgartner and John F. Randolph. First of four papers which perform a logical analysis on the doctrine of human behavior in terms of self-correcting/self-defending. This paper sets up a set theory calculus of human behaving-and-experiencing. Journal of Theoretical Biology 23:285-338 (1969).

006	"Feelings, Orientation, and Survival: The Psychological Dimension of the Current Human Crisis." [pdf]
	Lists four survival crises humans have not found a way to solve: war, overpopulation, pollution and social instability, and addresses these crises in the language of self-correcting vs. self-defending. Presented at the Ninth International Conference on General Semantics, San Francisco State College, August 1965.

005

"General Semantics, Psychotherapy, and the Logic of Science." [pdf]

Proposes that human behavior resembles a self-correcting system in which an organism generates, tests, and judges behavioral hypotheses, and can reject those that appear disconfirmed. Humans can also function like a self-defending system and cling to those hypotheses they favor regardless of evidence. Presents an example in which the author dissolved a neurotic symptom in his own life. Truncated version (example only) published in ETC: A Review of General Semantics 25:315-324 (1968).